8.4 Ammonium Sulfate
8.4 Ammonium Sulfate 8.4.1 General1-2 Ammonium sulfate ([NH4]2SO4) is commonly used as a fertilizer. In 1991, U. S. facilities produced about 2.7 million megagrams (Mg) (3 million tons) of ammonium sulfate in about 35 plants. Production rates at these plants range from 1.8 to 360 Mg (2 to 400 tons) per year. 8.4.2 Process Description1
Manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer …
FGD-gypsum from Abbott power plant was used. The scrubber, a Chiyoda Thoroughbred 121 FGD, produced a filter cake (98.36% gypsum and < 0.01% CaSO{sub 3}). Conversion of FGD- …
Manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from FGD …
The high quality FGD-gypsum sample produced from the Abbott power plant in Champaign, IL was 98.36% gypsum, CaSO{sub 4}{center_dot}2H{sub 2}O, and …
(PDF) A Review on Ammono-Carbonation Reactions: …
Ammono-carbonation reaction of any kind of gypsum (pure, PG or FGD gypsum) with ammonium carbonate known as Merseburg Process is used to produce ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate.
Manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from gypsum …
Costs for constructing and operating a conceptual plant based on a proposed process that converts flue gas desulfurization (FGD)-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer has been calculated and used to estimate a market price for the product. The average market price of granular ammonium sulfate ($138/ton) exceeds the rough …
Red gypsum utilization and acidic wastewater treatment …
It is often called the Merseburg process that the production of ammonium sulfate by gypsum. And there have been some researches on the conversion of waste gypsum, such as PG (Msila et al., 2016), red gypsum (Azdarpour et al., 2018) and FGD gypsum (Danielik et al., 2019). However, most of the current researches focus on the …
Manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from FGD-gypsum…
FGD-gypsum from Abbott power plant was used. The scrubber, a Chiyoda Thoroughbred 121 FGD, produced a filter cake (98.36% gypsum and < 0.01% CaSO{sub 3}). Conversion of FGD- gypsum to ammonium sulfate was tested at 60-70{degree}C for 5-6 hr. Yield up to 82% and purity up to 95% were achieved for the ammonium sulfate …
Utilization of natural gypsum for the preparation of ammonium sulfate
The Egyptian phosphogypsum waste is treated using sulfuric acid prior the ammonium sulfate production. The relevant factors that would affect the removal efficiencies of some impurities are ...
Ammonium sulfate and the methods of production- Shimico …
This substance is naturally formed in the form of a rare mineral called maskagenite in volcanic vapors and as a result of burning coal in its remains.
MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIUM SULFATE FROM GYPSUM …
OF THE DISCLOSURE Ammonium sulfate is manufactured from gypsum by a 15 continuous process in which an aqueous flow of material is continously recycled along a predetermined closed cir cuit defined by a conduit and a wider vessel connected in series. A fresh aqueous gypsum slurry comprising a dis persion of finely divided gypsum in an …
Process simulation of mineral carbonation of phosphogypsum with …
Using waste gypsum as a raw material for CO 2 mineral sequestration has recently become a hot research topic. ... Accordingly, more water needs to be evaporated in the production of ammonium sulfate fertilizer, thereby leading to high energy consumption. The effect of mass ratio of water to phosphogypsum on this pressured …
Utilization of natural gypsum for the preparation of …
Ammonium sulfate is used as a fertilizer because it supplies nitrogen and sulfur for plant nutrients. It can be obtained by three processes: as recovery from coke …
Production of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from FGD-gypsum
The overall goal of this study is to assess the technical and economic feasibilities for producing marketable products including fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate from gypsum produced as part of lime/limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes. Millions of tone of FGD-gypsum by-product may be produced in this decade as a result …
TECHNICAL REPORT 1994
V. VI. Evaluate the impact of continued use of ammonium sulfate on soil chemical properties. Establish a process flow sheet for the production of ammonium sulfate from FGD gypsum and evaluate the production costs and the market potential for
Manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from FGD …
Conversion of FGD- gypsum to ammonium sulfate was tested at 60-70{degree}C for 5-6 hr. Yield up to 82% and purity up to 95% were achieved for the …
Ammonium sulfate preparation from phosphogypsum waste …
The Egyptian phosphogypsum waste is treated using sulfuric acid prior the ammonium sulfate production. The relevant factors that would affect the removal efficiencies of some impurities are ...
Manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from FGD-gypsum…
Conversion of FGD- gypsum to ammonium sulfate was tested at 60-70{degree}C for 5-6 hr. Yield up to 82% and purity up to 95% were achieved for the ammonium sulfate production. During this quarter, more bench-scale experiments including a mass balance analysis were conducted; a yield up to 83% and up to 99% …
Study on The Production of Ammonium Sulfate …
The production of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from phosphogypsum is studied. The phosphogypsum is considered by product from extraction process of sulphoric acid. The mereseberg process is used a waste of phosphogypsum with ... sulfate, (NH 4)2S0 4, from gypsum (or anhydrite) is a very old technology, first developed by I.G. Farben
A Novel Approach for Separation and Recovery of Titanium, …
The raffinate after extracting scandium can be used for leaching red gypsum. As a result, calcium sulfate with a purity of 98.34% and whiteness of 94.27% was obtained under the leaching temperature of 60℃, the leaching time of 30 min, and the ratio of raffinate volume to red gypsum mass (L/S) of 3.5:1. ... and ammonium sulfate with …
Mineral carbonation of flue gas desulfurization gypsum for …
The main idea of this study originated from the Mersberg process, which was developed for the production of ammonium sulfate through a reaction between natural gypsum and ammonium carbonate [14]. In the early 1960s, the Tennessee Valley Authority studied the production of ammonium sulfate for use in ammonium …
Novel ammonia recovery from anaerobic digestion by …
The production of ammonium sulfate from gypsum has been studied in coal power plants to capture carbon dioxide (CO 2) from flue gas. Millions of tons of gypsum are produced each year in the US as by-products from …
Production of ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate
a process for the manufacture of ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate which comprises reacting an aqueous slurry of calcium sulfate and an aqueous solution ⁇ of ammonium carbonate in a plurality of reaction zones in the presence of a minor quantity of ammonium bicarbonate, said reaction zones being of progressively larger size and of …
Cost estimates for manufacture of ammonium sulfate …
The goal of this project was to assess the technical and economic feasibility of producing fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate from gypsum produced as part of limestone FGD processes. The procedure and the preliminary cost estimates of the process will be presented in this paper. ... Production development and utilization of Zimmer Station …
Production of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from FGD-gypsum
The overall goal of this study is to assess the technical and economic feasibilities for producing marketable products including fertilizer-grade ammonium …
US8758719B2
Definitions. This invention relates to the production of ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate from gypsum obtained from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems located at electric power plants. While FGD gypsum provides a cheap source of gypsum, the physical structure of the gypsum crystalline particles may have characteristics that …
(PDF) A Review on Ammono-Carbonation …
Ammono-carbonation reac tion of any kind of gypsum (pure, P G or. FGD gypsum) with ammonium carbonate known as Merseb urg Process is used to. produce ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate. …
Desulfurization gypsum carbonation for CO2 sequestration …
Filtrate circulation was used to leach desulfurization gypsum, and the filtrate after recycling was used to recover ammonium sulfate by evaporation crystallization (Eq. (2–3)). Factors and levels of leaching experiments for desulfurization gypsum and carbonation experiments for Ca 2+ leaching solution were listed in Table 2, Table 3. Do …
Ammonium Sulfate: Properties, Production And Uses
In certain regions, ammonium sulfate is produced from gypsum. Table of Contents 1. Properties of Ammonium Sulfate. Ammonium sulfate, having a molar …
Production of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from FGD-gypsum …
The overall goal of this study is to assess the technical and economic feasibilities for producing marketable products including fertilizer-grade ammonium …
Ammonium sulfate preparation from phosphogypsum waste …
Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Ammonium sulfate preparation from phosphogypsum waste" by A. Kandil et al. ... Utilization of natural gypsum for the preparation of ammonium sulfate. Avanish Kumar S. Dubey. ... is a byproduct of the phosphate fertilizers manufacture. The world production estimated to 200 million tons …