Techniques in Underground Mining
The Underground Mine. The underground mine is a factory located in the bedrock inside the earth in which miners work to recover minerals hidden in the rock mass. They drill, charge and blast to access and recover the ore, i.e., rock containing a mix of minerals of which at least one can be processed into a product that can be sold at a profit.
Blasting for construction
In general, blasting systems used for mining are inappropriate for tight control of breaking, and for protection of sensitive structures. In addition, the general inability on a ... Underground massive mining 75–165 5–40 17–750 Underground narrow reef 30–65 0.9–10 0.5–30 Range >10x >40x >6000x.
An Open-Pit Multi-Stage Mine Production Scheduling Model …
The model could be exactly solved by commercial MIP optimiser (e.g., ILOG-CPLEX) for small-size instances in a reasonable time. The proposed approach has been applied to a case study based on the data collected from an iron ore mine site in Australian, for the purpose of maximising the productivity of short-term open-pit mine production …
Blasting Technology for Underground Hard Rock Mining
Generally, in ring blasting, the diameter and length of blastholes vary from 50 to 110 mm and 10 to 25 m, respectively (Himanshu et el. 2021;Duranović et al. 2018;Henning 2007; Himanshu et al ...
Drilling-and-Blasting Mesh Design for Underground Mining …
To optimize the drilling and blasting process in underground mining using the Holmberg method to create the drilling-and-blasting mesh design. The method it is an experimental applied-type and correlational-level inductive method. The …
Optimized design of drilling and blasting operations in open …
1. Introduction. Mining activity is mostly represented by these four main operations: drilling, blasting, loading and hauling. For a proper mine planning and …
Development of an Underground Haulage System Evaluation Tool …
The mining industry faces many difficult challenges, for example, lower ore grades, smaller and deeper deposits, and longer transportation distances. In the past, there have been remarkable innovations in both equipment and the types of mining methods for which it is used, which have resulted in economies of scale. This has led to an increased …
Optimization of Underground Development Advance A …
nature of underground mining; an alternative method of optimization is required – a pragmatic approach to optimization. 1.2 RESEARCH AIM This research presents a pragmatic approach in solving the challenges at Agnew and proposes a ... Figure 1-1 - Hierarchy of Considerations for Optimised Blast Design Process Flow Hierarchy of …
Mining | Free Full-Text | The Influence of Explosive and Rock …
In rock blasting for mining production, stress waves play a major role in rock fracturing, along with explosive gases. Better energy distribution improves fragmentation and safety, lowers production costs, increases productivity, and controls ore losses and dilution. Blast outcomes vary significantly depending on the choice of the explosive and …
Rock–Explosive Interaction During Underground Blasting
The rock–explosive interaction behaviour influences the blasting outputs in terms of breakage, fragmentation and induced hazards. The blast designers can …
Blasting Technology for Underground Hard Rock Mining
This book presents the principles and practices of rock blasting for underground hard rock mining. It covers a theoretical background of the rock blasting technology and comprehensive case studies on different stages of rock blasting for underground metalliferous mining. It includes the discussions on burn-cut face …
2024 Mining Terms Explained
Electrowinning - A process used to recover metals in aqueous solution by applying a current and causing the metal to deposit onto an electrode.; Electrolysis - A technique that uses a direct electric current to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction.; Electrolytic refining - A process of using electrolysis to increase the …
Overview of Underground Metalliferous Mining | SpringerLink
The underground mining for mineral exploitation comprises of mainly three stages viz. making access to the orebody, initial/box-cut excavation and final excavation of ore. ... utilizing gravity flow to direct excavated rock from ore pass to load a conveyance. Draw point: Loading point beneath a ... The drilling-blasting process in this method ...
On the prediction of toxic fumes from underground blasting …
In underground mining, blasting-induced pollutants are diluted and exhausted out of the working area using the auxiliary ventilation system, which can account for up to 50% of the total mine ...
Optimization of blasting parameters for an …
Therefore, prediction of blasting vibration is essential in the mining industry. This paper proposes a combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) model to ...
The Effect of Trapped Fumes on Clearance Time in Underground …
2.2 Blast Design. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) developed the Drift V2 software to reduce the risks related to ground fall accidents in underground mines [].In this study, the Drift V2 software is used for estimating the total volume of broken rock (muck pile) and the amount of explosives used in a given …
Moving towards deep underground mineral resources: …
Underground mining has historically occurred in surface and near-surface (shallow) mineral deposits. While no universal definition of deep underground mining exists, humanity's need for non-renewable natural resources has inevitably pushed the boundaries of possibility in terms of environmental and technological constraints.
Mining Engineering Flow Chart | Geological and Mining …
This course presents a study of the surface and underground mining methods practiced in coal, metal, and aggregate mine operations, classification of mining methods, support design and equipment selection, general mine planning requirements, mine development sequence, cycle of operations, and method application. Credits: 2.0 Lec-Rec-Lab: (2-0-0)
Underground Mining | Macraes Operation
Underground mining involves drilling and blasting, bogging, ground support, and hauling material from underground tunnels to the surface to be delivered to the ROM pad (run of mine). Macraes has a low-grade ore. This means to obtain one to two grams of gold 11-tonnes of rock must be moved.
Design methodology for underground ring blasting
This paper discusses a systematic approach to underground ring design as well as a methodology for the continuous improvement of designs as conditions change. The methodology is applicable to desig...
Understanding charging and blasting solutions for
The process involves drilling several holes into the rock and filling them with explosives. The locations and size of these holes are carefully determined by mining engineers based on geological surveys, as well as the quantity of explosives. ... However, in underground mining, blast mats are not used as it is not necessary to suppress sound ...
Drilling and blasting designs for parallel hole cut and V-cut …
Explosives are probably the most cost-effective method of rock excavation in underground mining operations 1,2,3.Tunnel and underground rock excavation have largely relied on drilling and blasting ...
Gas–Solid Flow Characteristics of Airflow and Dust Particles …
Effective dust removal has long been a challenge in the blasting mining of underground metal mine tunnels, and uncontrolled dust diffusion seriously endangers …
Optimization of Underground Development Advance A …
nature of underground mining; an alternative method of optimization is required – a pragmatic approach to optimization. 1.2 RESEARCH AIM This research presents a …
Underground Mining
Click here to see the mine's underground mining and processing video. Photo: Diavik Diamond Mines. The underground mining cycle includes: Drilling and blasting to advance the development tunnel through waste …
Alternative Process Flow for Underground Mining …
As the near surface deposits are being mined out, underground mines will increasingly operate at greater depths. This will increase the challenges related to …
Blast Design & Execution
Optimised blasting outcomes. We provide solutions from pre-blast modelling and ore movement prediction through to design optimisation and post-blast measurement and analysis, delivering predictions, data, benchmarks and insights required to ensure sustainable and cost-effective outcomes and improvements at our customers' operations.
Introduction to Underground Excavation by Drilling and …
16.1.1 Working Cycle of Excavation by D & B. Drilling and blasting are the most common methods for tunneling and underground excavation. The process begins with holes of …
Digitising drill and blast operations
Newcrest test drill and blast technology in New South Wales. Australia-based Newcrest Mining's Cadia Valley underground mine in New South Wales was the site of a 30-day trial for new drill and blast systems from MacLean Engineering and Orica in June 2020.. The trial provided the opportunity to test new technology from MacLean's …
An integrated approach to the drill and blast process
Like many catchy mining phrases, "Drill to Mill," "Pit to Plant," "Mine to Mill" and "Mine to Market" are deceptively simple descriptions for complex, multi-layered processes. In the mining cycle, drill and blast (D&B) is arguably the first and most important step to get right. D&B operations impact the entire mining process, from …