(PDF) Mineralogical and Geochemical …
of two main zones—the limonite and saprolite zones—separated by a thin transition zone. Late-stage, Ni-rich serpentine garnierite veins are observed to crosscut the saprolite zone.
ANALISIS XRD DAN SEM TERHADAP HASIL KALSINASI …
saprolite sample calcination in muffle furnace for 1 hour, variations in temperature of 600°C, 800°C, and 1000° C.The initial sample (saprolite raw) and the final sample (saprolite calcination 600,800, and 1000 ºC) characterized crystallinity and phase formed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to morphology and ...
Determination of limonite, saprolite and bedrock categories
(blue line in Fig. 2) is blackish gray, has a massive structure, the minerals found are olivine and pyroxine. Table 1 shows the chemical analysis to determine the limonite, saprolite and bedrock ...
Nickel Laterites: The World's Largest Source of Nickel
Many factors affect the formation of nickel laterites, including the original rock the soil develops from, the climate, the rate in which weathering occurs, drainage of groundwater and the tectonic setting. The nickel in …
NICKEL LATERITE RESOURCES MODELING USING GEOLOGICAL DOMAIN ALGORITHM
Four distinct horizons, including saprolite, lower limonite, upper limonite, and lateritic duricrust, have been recognized from the bottom to the top of the studied profile. Iron oxy-hydroxides ...
Minerals | Free Full-Text | Ni(Co) Laterite Deposits of
The saprolite and limonite layers of Ni laterites of SE Asia generally display an increase in Ni contents relative to those of the bedrock, which can be explained by ion exchange processes between the weathering solution and primary minerals [27,30,31,32,33,34,67].
Strategies for Studying Saprolite and Saprolite Genesis
Saprolite is isovolumetrically weathered bedrock that retains the structure and fabric of the parent rock. This soil parent material forms in areas where crystalline rocks occur at or near the surface of the earth. Saprolite is generally overlain by 1 to 3 m of soil and commonly > 10 m thick. Although saprolite occurs worldwide and often ...
DESCRIPTIVE MODEL OF LATERITE-SAPROLITE Au
SYNONYM: Eluvial gold placers (Boyle, 1979), Au-bearing saprolite (Becker, 1895). DESCRIPTION: Au disseminated in laterite and saprolite that developed under conditions of tropical weathering (fig. 32) over a wide variety of bedrock types but distal to known bedrock gold deposits. Figure 32. Idealized cross section of laterite-saprolite Au deposit.
Are Days Numbered for Indonesia's Kilns?
Lateritic soil sequences are formed from the weathering of rocks in circumstances conducive to leaching and oxidation; limonite is formed higher up in the sequence, with saprolite lower in the orebody. Indonesian nickel ore grades for limonite are generally in the range of 0.8% to 1.5%; for saprolite they may exceed 1.8%.
Kinetic study in selective reduction of limonitic and saprolitic …
Saprolite and limonite have different behaviour in the carbothermic reduction process due to the differences in their atomic structures. This work …
Limonit
Bijih rawa Deposit limonit pada air limpahan tambang Galena dan Limonit Limonit pseudomorf yang berbentuk Garnet. Limonit, kadang juga disebut bijih nikel berkadar rendah, [4] adalah bijih besi yang terdiri dari campuran besi(III) oksida-hidroksida terhidrasi dalam berbagai komposisi. Rumus kimianya umum ditulis sebagai FeO(OH)·nH 2 O, …
Thermal Upgrading Effect: Saprolite versus Limonite
Saprolite ore is from Halmahera, Maluku, Indonesia, and limonite ore is from Torobulu, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The initial stage was to filter the limonite using …
Study of mixing saprolite with limonite in selective reduction …
The results showed that the optimal process for limonite and saprolite was generated by adding 0.2 stoichiometry reductant. In the saprolite reduction process, …
Studies of carbon percentage variation and mixing Saprolite-Limonite …
The optimum carbon percentage of saprolite and limonite is the concerned purpose for this research. The ratio of saprolite and limonite (solid: solid) are 1:4 and gave heat treatment at 1150 °C with 1 h holding time and magnetic separation for getting to know the optimum nickel grade and recovery.
Study of selective reduction in lateritic nickel ore: Saprolite …
From Fig. 2, the recovery of nickel of saprolite is lower than limonite, which means the nickel in silicate is more difficult to reduce than oxide.From XRD analysis, the …
Process for separating limonite and saprolite
A method for separating nickel containing lateritic ore into limonite and saprolite fractions, the method including the steps of : (a) providing said lateritic ore in particulate form; (b) forming a slurry of said particulate ore; (c) subjecting the ore slurry to a size separation procedure to separate the limonite and saprolite fractions on a selected threshold …
Thermal Upgrading Effect: Saprolite versus Limonite
the saprolite and limonite XRD results. The raw material that is saprolite and limonite ore is indicated. The thermal sequence starts and structure of sapro-lite was investigated in …
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science …
off) obtained by the boundary zone of limonite-saprolite and saprolite-bedrock boundary for each point of the drill. The entire drill data on the track then correlated to form a cross-section shown in Figure 2. The divisions own profile in accordance with that proposed by Waheed (2009). It was clear enough
Study of selective reduction in lateritic nickel ore: Saprolite versus
From Fig. 2, the recovery of nickel of saprolite is lower than limonite, which means the nickel in silicate is more difficult to reduce than oxide.From XRD analysis, the forsterite is still found at 1250 °C, and the intensity is seemed similar at a lower temperature. Jiang et al. (2020) reported that a high-temperature process for saprolite …
Identifikasi Limonite, Saprolite, dan Bedrock …
Mengidentifikasi Limonite, Saprolite, dan Bedrock pada Nikel Laterit (Studi Kasus PT. Sulawesi Cahaya Mineral) Nikel Laterite memiliki beberapa lapisan yang mana masing-masing lapisan tersebut .
Thermal Upgrading Effect: Saprolite versus Limonite
utilized for limonite and saprolite at low temperatures. Keywords Characterization · Saprolite · Limonite · Phase · Microstructure · Thermal upgrading 1 Introduction Nickel has good plasticity, corrosion resistance, and mag-netic properties and is widely used in the iron, steel, elec-
Kinetic study in selective reduction of limonitic and saprolitic …
Saprolite and limonite have different behaviour in the carbothermic reduction process due to the differences in their atomic structures. This work investigates the kinetic study of these two ...
A Study on Classification of Limonite and Saprolite from …
Saprolite-type ore characterized by high magnesia and silica contents is treated by pyrometallurgy process. On the other hand, limonite-type ore is subjected to …
US6261527B1
Overall nickel and cobalt dissolution from both limonite and saprolite ores was of the order of 83 and 90%, respectively, with the high cobalt dissolution in this test due to the addition of sulfur dioxide gas during limonite leaching. Iron and sodium concentrations decreased to about 3.8 and 0.06 gpl, respectively, at the end of the test due ...
Nickel Laterites: The World's Largest Source of Nickel
The saprolite and limonite zones tend to contain the higher grades of Ni and can range from 1.5-3% and 1.2-1.7% respectively. How do they form? Many factors affect the formation of nickel laterites, including the original rock the soil develops from, the climate, the rate in which weathering occurs, drainage of groundwater and the tectonic ...
Nikel laterit
Limonite Layer: Merupakan hasil pelapukan lanjut dari batuan beku ultrabasa. Komposisinya meliputi oksida besi yang dominan, goethit, dan magnetit. ... Saprolite: Zona ini merupakan zona pengayaan unsur Ni. Komposisinya berupa oksida besi, serpentin sekitar <0,4% kuarsa magnetit dan tekstur batuan asal yang masih terlihat. Ketebalan …
Antam (ANTM) Beberkan Perbedaan dan Fungsi Nikel Kadar …
Di Indonesia, nikel kadar tinggi atau saprolite lebih mudah dijual karena smelter untuk mengolah nikel tersebut sudah tersedia. Sedangkan nikel kadar rendah atau limonite masih jarang terserap. Tak heran jika potensi saprolite terus berkurang di Indonesia, hanya sekitar 930 juta ton, seperempat dari limonite yang mencapai 3,6 …
Studies of carbon percentage variation and mixing Saprolite-Limonite …
The optimum carbon percentage of saprolite and limonite is the concerned purpose for this research. The ratio of saprolite and limonite (solid: solid) are 1:4 and gave heat treatment at 1150 °C ...
Kinetic study in selective reduction of limonitic and saprolitic …
Saprolite and limonite have different behaviour in the carbothermic reduction process due to the differences in their atomic structures. This work investigates the kinetic study of these two different kinds of lateritic nickel ores. Nickel ore, coal, sodium sulfate, and calcium oxide were mixed, then pelletised into 10–15 mm diameters.
Studies of carbon percentage variation and mixing Saprolite-Limonite …
The optimum carbon percentage of saprolite and limonite is the concerned purpose for this research. The ratio of saprolite and limonite (solid: solid) are 1:4 and gave heat treatment at 1150 °C with 1 h holding time and magnetic separation for getting to know the optimum nickel grade and recovery. All samples are analyzed with XRD, ICP, and ...