Production of benzene, toluene and xylenes | SpringerLink
Abstract. Since the BTX-aromatics benzene, toluene and xylene are co-generated, alongside other aromatics and non-aromatics during coal conversion and petroleum …
Tracing fossil-based plastics, chemicals and fertilizers …
landscape. These together accounted for 92(±)1% of the syngas pro-duced.Theriseofcoal-basedmethanol-to-olefin(MTO)andmethanol-to-propylene (MTP) technologies has increased the utilization of coal
Production of Commercial Naphthalene by Coal-Tar …
Abstract The derivation of commercial naphthalene by rectification is a possible approach in coal-tar processing. Naphthalene is widely used in chemical synthesis for the production of phthalic anhydride, superplasticizers, and intermediate products such as Cleve's acids in dye production. The quality of the naphthalene derived from …
Xylene |
Production Methods. Xylene is produced by catalytic reforming, and, depending on the feedstock, yields of >85% can be achieved. Commercially, xylene is also recovered from coal tar, yielding a typical mixture of about 10–20% ortho, 40–70% meta, and 10–25% para isomer. Impurities include ethylbenzene, benzene, toluene, phenol, …
Xylene activation of coal tar pitch binding characteristics for
Request PDF | On Jul 1, 2016, Qiang Zhong and others published Xylene activation of coal tar pitch binding characteristics for production of metallurgical quality briquettes from coke breeze ...
Risk Assessment of Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, and Xylene …
In a typical coal-burning house in South Africa, coal stoves are often used indoors during the winter season between 18:00 and 21:00. This is due to the inherent heat production of the technology, while in summer, it is unlikely that the stove will be used indoors for either cooking or space heating.
Hybrid adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems for …
Section snippets Reagents and instruments. Raw fly ash was collected from Alborzmarkazi Coal Company located in Savadkhoh (Iran). All chemicals (analytical grade) including tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl), methanol (CH …
Production of benzene, toluene, and xylenes from …
Several case studies are discussed that produce varying ratios of para-, ortho-, and meta-xylene across multiple refinery capacities. The results indicate that utilizing natural gas for the production of …
Xylene activation of coal tar pitch binding characteristics for
Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Xylene activation of coal tar pitch binding characteristics for production of metallurgical quality briquettes from coke breeze" by Q. Zhong et al. Skip to search form Skip to main content Skip to account menu. Semantic Scholar's Logo. Search 220,368,212 papers from all fields of science ...
Production of benzene, toluene, and xylenes from natural …
Several case studies are discussed that produce varying ratios of para-, ortho-, and meta-xylene across multiple refinery capacities. The results indicate that utilizing natural gas for the production of aromatics is profitable with net present values as high as $3800 MM dollars and payback periods as low as 6 years.
Oxidation of o ‐Xylene and Naphthalene to Phthalic …
Beside the nature of the feedstock, PA production processes are discriminated by different reactor tube lengths, different reactor tube inner diameters, different air rates, and the o-xylene air mixing ratio. Obviously, catalyst suppliers have to fine-tune process catalysts to the respective operating and design conditions of a …
The BTX Chain: Benzene, Toluene, Xylene
The capacity for o-xylene production is in close agreement with the demand for this product. Exports to South American markets have been increasing, and have helped to offset falling ... Benzene was originally made solely from coal tar, until new processes began to emerge in the 1950s. The new production methods were based
Xylene: An overview of its health hazards and preventive …
INTRODUCTION. Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon widely used in industry and medical technology as a solvent. It is a colorless, sweet-smelling liquid or gas occurring naturally in petroleum, coal and wood tar, and is so named because it is found in crude wood spirit (Gr. xy`lon- wood).[] It has a chemical formula of C6 H4 (CH 3)2 and is referred to as …
Locating and Estimating Sources of Xylene
EPA-454/R-93-048 LOCATING AND ESTIMATING AIR EMISSIONS FROM SOURCES OF XYLENE Emission Inventory Branch Technical Support Division Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Siloxane-modified MnOx catalyst for oxidation of coal-related o-xylene
In coal-combustion energy production, presence of water vapor in flue gas causes catalyst deactivation and leads to the release of large quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). ... Role of impurity components and pollutant removal processes in catalytic oxidation of o-xylene from simulated coal-fired flue gas. Sci. Total Environ., 764 ...
Xylene
Xylene is marketed principally as a mixture of ortho, meta and para isomers, generally referred to as 'mixed xylenes'. The individual isomers are also available commercially. Most mixed xylenes contain ethylbenzene, except for a small volume produced by toluene disproportionation (Ransley, 1984). Commercial-grade (mixed) xylene typically is …
Toluene: Definition, Properties, Production, Uses, …
It is a by-product in the production of gasoline by a catalytic reformer or ethylene cracker. Toluene is also a by-product of the production of coke from coal. The final separation and purification are done by the distillation or solvent extraction processes that are in use for BTX aromatics like benzene, toluene, and xylene isomers.
Extractive distillation of cycloalkane monomers from the direct coal …
Separating monomeric cycloalkanes from naphtha obtained from direct coal liquefaction not only facilitates the valuable utilization of naphtha but also holds potential for addressing China's domestic chemical feedstock market demand for these compounds. In extractive distillation processes of naphtha, relative volatility serves as a crucial …
Xylene activation of coal tar pitch binding characteristics for
Therefore, xylene is an excellent active agent for the production of metallurgical quality briquettes with coal tar pitch as binder. Meanwhile, the compressive …
Xylol vs. Xylene — What's the Difference?
Xylol and xylene refer to the same chemical compound, but "xylol" is an older term; xylene is commonly used in scientific contexts. ... xylene is specifically noted for its role in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and as a solvent in the , rubber, and leather industries. 13. ... found in coal and wood tar, and so named ...
Hybrid adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems for …
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120688 Corpus ID: 213216970; Hybrid adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems for forecasting benzene, toluene & m-xylene removal from aqueous solutions by HZSM-5 nano-zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash
Novel Short Process for p-Xylene Production Based on the …
Toluene methylation using methanol offers a high potential molecular engineering process to produce p-xylene (PX) based on shape-selective catalysts. To further improve the process economics, a novel short process was proposed by …
Production of Gasolines and Monocyclic Aromatic …
Para-xylene global world production is of the order of 50 million tonnes per year, and accounts for 85–90% of global xylenes …
Coal tar pitch and molasses blended binder for production …
Section snippets Experimental. As illustrated in Fig. 1, the whole briquettes production process involves mixing coal fines with coal tar pitch and molasses, dispersing of xylene in water, blending them with the mixture of coal fines and blended pitch, briquetting the final blended material, drying or curing the green briquettes, carbonizing …
Aromatics production from methanol and pentane: …
A novel short process was proposed by reducing the high-energy consumption separation of xylene isomers in existing processes to improve the process economics and show a good economic value in terms of capital investment and operating costs due to the multistage reactor without benzene byproducts.
4 Production of benzene, toluene and xylenes
found xylenes in coal tar. The importance of xylenes as major industrial chemicals began with the rise of the plastics industry in the 1920's and 30's, when polyesters were …
Wang DONGLIANG | associate professor
The coal-to-methanol (CTM) is an important technical route for methanol production. The process suffers from high CO2 emission and low energy efficiency due to the mismatch of H/C (hydrogen-to ...
Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene (BTX) Production from …
In order to reduce dependence on nonrenewable resources and environmental damage, alternative renewable feedstocks are needed to replace fossil …
Process Design and Analysis of Aromatics Production from …
Producing aromatics from coal via methanol is a novel technology, which could mitigate the energy shortage in a petroleum-poor area. ... Process simulation for …
Xylene activation of coal tar pitch binding characteristics for
Section snippets Experimental. As illustrated in Fig. 1, the whole briquettes production process involves mixing the coke breeze with the pitch, dispersing of xylene in water, blending them with the mixture of the coke breeze and the pitch, briquetting the final blending material, curing the green briquettes, carbonizing the cured briquettes and …